In Phaedo, Plato details the death of Socrates: after drinking a potion consisting of the extracts of poison hemlock ( Conium maculatum), he slowly develops paralysis and dies. Narcissus and daffodils ( Narcissus spp.) Poison ivy, oak, and sumac ( Toxicodendron spp.) Velvet bean or cowhage ( Mucuna pruriens) Sweet-scented bedstraw ( Galium triflorum)īuckthorn or coyotillo ( Karwinskia humboldtiana)Īzalea and rhododendron ( Rhododoendron spp.), mountain laurel ( Kalmia latifolia) Jack in the pulpit ( Arisaema triphyllum) Tapioca plant, cassava ( Manihot esculenta)Īmerican mistletoe ( Phoradendron flavescens) Squill ( Urginea maritime and Urginea indica)Īlmond, apricot, and cherry pits ( Prunus spp.) Lily of the valley ( Convallaria majalis) Madagascar periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus)Ĭardioactive steroids or cardiac glycosides Hawaiian baby woodrose seeds ( Argyreia nervosa)įalse or green hellebore ( Veratrum spp.) Green potato leaves, American nightshade, black nightshade (Solanaceae)Īngel's trumpet or jimsonweed ( Datura spp.)īlue cohosh ( Caulophyllum thalictroides)
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